Paleoclimate record points toward potential rapid climate changes

Paleoclimate record points toward potential rapid climate changes

Global carbon emissions reach record 10 billion tons, threatening 2 degree target

Global carbon emissions reach record 10 billion tons, threatening 2 degree target

Ancient Oceans Offer New Insight Into Origins Of Animal Life

ScienceDaily (2009-09-09) -- Analysis of a rock type found only in the world's oldest oceans has shed new light on how large animals first got a foothold on Earth.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/09/090909133020.htm

Sea life 'must swim faster to survive' to survive climate change

In a new study, scientists warn that fish and other sea creatures will have to travel large distances to survive climate change. (Credit: © Mark Doherty / Fotolia)

ScienceDaily (2011-11-07) -- Fish and other sea creatures will have to travel large distances to survive climate change, international marine scientists have warned. Sea life, particularly in the Indian Ocean, the Western and Eastern Pacific and the subarctic oceans will face growing pressures to adapt or relocate to escape extinction, according to a new study.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111107161959.htm

Cooling the warming debate: Major new analysis confirms that global warming is real.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111021144716.htm

ScienceDaily (2011-10-21) -- Global warming is real, according to a major new study. Despite issues raised by climate change skeptics, the Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature study finds reliable evidence of a rise in the average world land temperature of approximately 1 degree Celsius since the mid-1950s.

Sharks at Risk | Ocean Futures Society

Sharks at Risk | Ocean Futures Society

Deep oceans can mask global warming for decade-long periods

The ocean conveyor belt transports water -- and heat -- around the globe. (Credit: NOAA)

ScienceDaily (2011-09-18) -- The planet's deep oceans at times may absorb enough heat to flatten the rate of global warming for periods of as long as a decade even in the midst of longer-term warming, according to a new analysis.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110918144941.htm

Yesterday, Saturday september the 17th, we followed ( took photographs and video)  the annual event, well organized by Instituto Aqualung, for cleaning up the beaches in Rio de Janeiro. Kids and their parents,families, worked together during several hours helping to remove the small sized garbage that we always find in our beaches, generally hidden under the sand.It was a complete success and had a participation of the local midia and hundreds of people.This event helps to create an awareness process within the youngsters towards  taking actions to protect our fragile beach and shore ecosystems. 

http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/

O desenho mostra como funcionam os principais processos da interface Oceano - Atmosfera
Desenho do WHOI

2010 One of Two Warmest Years On Record

ScienceDaily (June 29, 2011) — Worldwide, 2010 was one of the two warmest years on record, according to the 2010 State of the Climate report, which NOAA has just released. The peer-reviewed report, issued in coordination with the American Meteorological Society, was compiled by 368 scientists from 45 countries. It provides a detailed, yearly update on global climate indicators, notable climate events and other climate information from every continent.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110629204702.htm

Ocean acidification will likely reduce diversity, resiliency in coral reef ecosystems

ScienceDaily (2011-05-29) -- Ocean acidification, along with increased ocean temperatures, will likely severely reduce the diversity and resilience of coral reef ecosystems within this century, new research suggests.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110529184043.htm

A new study from University of Miami (UM) Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science scientists Chris Langdon, Remy Okazaki and Nancy Muehllehner and colleagues from the Australian Institute of Marine Science and the Max-Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology in Germany concludes that ocean acidification, along with increased ocean temperatures, will likely severely reduce the diversity and resilience of coral reef ecosystems within this century.

The research team studied three natural volcanic CO₂ seeps in Papua New Guinea to better understand how ocean acidification will impact coral reefs ecosystem diversity. The study details the effects of long-term exposure to high levels of carbon dioxide and low pH on Indo-Pacific coral reefs, a condition that is projected to occur by the end of the century as increased human-made CO₂ emissions alter the current pH level of seawater, turning the oceans acidic.

"These 'champagne reefs' are natural analogs of how coral reefs may look in 100 years if ocean acidification conditions continue to get worse," said Langdon, UM Rosenstiel School professor and co-principal investigator of the study.

The study shows shifts in the composition of coral species and reductions in biodiversity and recruitment on the reef as pH declined from 8.1 to 7.8. The team also reports that reef development would cease at a pH below 7.7. The IPCC 4th Assessment Report estimates that by the end of the century, ocean pH will decline from the current level of 8.1 to 7.8, due to rising atmospheric CO₂ concentrations.

"The seeps are probably the closest we can come to simulating the effect of human-made CO₂ emissions on a coral reef," said Langdon. "They allow us to see the end result of the complex interactions between species under acidic ocean conditions."

The reefs detailed in this study have healthy reefs nearby to supply larvae to replenish the reefs. If pH was low throughout the region -- as projected for year 2100 -- then there would not be any healthy reefs to reseed damaged ones, according to Langdon.

The research was funded by the Australian Institute of Marine Science, the University of Miami, and the Max-Planck Institute of Marine Microbiology through the Bioacid Project (03F0608C).

Significant role played by oceans in ancient global cooling

During their lifetime, foraminifera incorporate certain elements and elemental isotopes depending on environmental conditions. By analyzing the ratios of different isotopes and elements, the researchers are able to reconstruct the past environmental conditions that surrounded the foraminifera during their life. (Credit: Image courtesy of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute)

ScienceDaily (2011-05-28) -- Thirty-eight million years ago, tropical jungles thrived in what are now the cornfields of the American Midwest and furry marsupials wandered temperate forests in what is now the frozen Antarctic. A debate has long been raging in the scientific community on what changes in our global climate system led to such a major shift from the more tropical, greenhouse climate of the Eocene to the modern and much cooler climates of today. Researchers have now found some of the strongest evidence to date that the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) played a key role in the major shift in the global climate that began approximately 38 million years ago.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110526141406.htm

The Excess of Industrial fishing is diminishing fish populations fast

FROM : www.biologicaldiversity.org

Bluefin tuna - credit NOAA

The list of those who say bluefin tuna urgently need protection continues to grow. This week a committee of Canadian scientists and government representatives declared that the bluefin should be listed as an endangered species; we couldn't agree more. Last year the Center for Biological Diversity petitioned to have the Atlantic bluefin protected under the Endangered Species Act. In November, after international regulators failed to take action, we launched a nationwide boycott of bluefin.

One of the most remarkable marine creatures in the world, the warm-blooded bluefin tuna is a fierce ocean predator, can reach up to 10 feet in length and 1,200 pounds in weight, and can swim at up to 50 miles per hour, crossing the ocean in just weeks. But it can't outswim overfishing, which is driving it extinct at alarming rates, and the BP Gulf oil spill has helped make Atlantic bluefin more endangered than ever.

If you haven't already, join more than 30,000 activists in the Center's Bluefin Brigade bypledging not to eat bluefin or support restaurants that serve it -- and don't forget to spread the word by liking and sharing the page on Facebook. Then get details on our Bluefin Boycott, the Atlantic bluefin tuna and the bluefin developments in Canada.

Can clouds help mitigate global warming? Missing links found in biology of cloud formation over oceans

ScienceDaily (2011-05-11) -- A new study brings the possibility of using the sulfur cycle to mitigate global warming closer with the identification of the steps in the biochemical pathway that controls how bacteria release the sulfur compound methanethiol, or MeSH, into the microbial food web in the oceans and the genes responsible for that process.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110511134209.htm

A formação de nuvens sobre os oceanos tem ligação direta com os processos biológicos da cadeia alimentar (produção primária)a qual influencia também o clima global.

Ocean Acidification: Carbon Dioxide Makes Life Difficult for Algae

ScienceDaily (2011-05-10) -- The acidification of the world's oceans could have major consequences for the marine environment. New research shows that coccoliths, which are an important part of the marine environment, dissolve when seawater acidifies.
Full text at this link!

Ocean Acidification Booklet

Genome of marine organism reveals hidden secrets; New methods to identify promising species in the wild

ScienceDaily (2011-05-09) -- An international team of researchers has deciphered the genome of a tropical marine organism known to produce substances potentially useful against human diseases.

Plankton fossils tell tale of evolution and extinction

ScienceDaily (2011-04-26) -- Scientists studying the fossils of tiny ocean-dwelling plankton, called foraminifera, have uncovered another piece in the puzzle of why species evolve or become extinct.
Full http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/04/110419212311.htm

Squid and octopuses experience massive acoustic trauma from noise pollution in the oceans

ScienceDaily (2011-04-11) -- Noise pollution has been shown to cause physical and behavioral changes in marine life, especially in dolphins and whales, which rely on sound for daily activities. Now a new study found that squid, octopus and cuttlefish exhibited massive acoustic trauma in the form of severe lesions in their auditory structures following exposure to low frequency sound.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/04/110411111032.htm

Tristan da Cunha Archipelago in danger after large oil spill

(NEWSER) by Nick MacMaster – An oil spill has covered thousands of endangered penguins in crude after a cargo ship ran aground on an island in the South Atlantic, the AP reports. The MS Olivia of Malta broke into two pieces after it hit Nightingale Island in the Tristan da Cunha chain. Its 1,650 tons of crude oil spilled into the ocean. While all crew members were rescued, a huge slick surrounds Nightingale Island—a situation that a Tristan da Cunha conservationist called "a disaster."

About 20,000 of the island's 200,000 penguins might be affected, according to one environmentalist. The island is home to nearly half the world's total of northern rockhopper penguins—a species classified as endangered. In addition, the spill could endanger the fishing that sustains the tiny community of 275 people.


http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=1291436013

NewsDaily: Japan wind change to blow radiation over Pacific

NewsDaily (2011-03-15) -- Winds are set to blow low-level radiation from Japan's quake-crippled nuclear power plant out over the Pacific Ocean in coming hours, easing health worries after drifting toward Tokyo early on Tuesday, experts said.
http://www.newsdaily.com/stories/tre72e4ya-us-japan-quake-winds/

Unexpected Growth In Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

Attention, this was published in 2007 !!! 4 years ago!

ScienceDaily (2007-10-23) -- Atmospheric carbon dioxide growth has increased 35 percent faster than expected since 2000. The study found that inefficiency in the use of fossil fuels increased levels of carbon dioxide by 17 percent, while the other 18 percent came from the decline in the efficiency of natural land and ocean sinks which soak up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071022171932.htm

Understanding ocean climate

ScienceDaily (2009-12-13) -- High-resolution computer simulations are helping to describe the inflow of North Atlantic water to the Arctic Ocean and how this influences ocean climate.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/091210101410.htm

Warming North Atlantic water tied to heating Arctic

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110127141659.htm

ScienceDaily (2011-01-28) -- The temperatures of North Atlantic Ocean water flowing north into the Arctic Ocean adjacent to Greenland -- the warmest water in at least 2,000 years -- are likely related to the amplification of global warming in the Arctic, says a new study.

: Sea Census Locates 1200 New Marine Species in World's Oceans

: Sea Census Locates 1200 New Marine Species in World's Oceans

: Atlantic Weather May Be Key Culprit In Fish Decline

: Atlantic Weather May Be Key Culprit In Fish Decline

A Machine that Reconverts Plastic into Oil

Dramatic ocean circulation changes caused a colder Europe in the past

cienceDaily (Jan. 15, 2011) — The unusually cold weather this winter has been caused by a change in the winds. Instead of the typical westerly winds warmed by Atlantic surface ocean currents, cold northerly Arctic winds are influencing much of Europe.

[New post] Ocean acidification: one less thing to worry about

Ocean acidification: one less thing to worry about Anne-Marin Nisumaa | 13 January 2011 at 10:23 | Categories: Media coverage | URL: http://wp.me/p2Y1l-1u3

Carbon dioxide has been named as the chief culprit in rampant "ocean acidification" which, according to environmentalists on the Natural Resources Defense Council, will soon start killing off fish and dissolving coral reefs, putting a major dent in the seafood and eco-tourism industries.
According to a 2009 statement by Britain's Royal Society, co-signed by Dr. James Hansen, of NASA's Goddard Center, and Dr. Mark Spalding of The Nature Conservancy:
"Temperature‐induced mass coral bleaching causing widespread mortality on the Great Barrier Reef and many other reefs of the world started when atmospheric CO2 exceeded 320ppm.
"At today's level of ~ 387ppm CO2, reefs are seriously declining and time‐lagged effects will result in their continued demise with parallel impacts on other marine and coastal ecosystems...
"Proposals to limit CO2 levels to 450ppm will not prevent the catastrophic loss of coral reefs from the combined effects of global warming and ocean acidification. To ensure the long‐term viability of coral reefs the atmospheric CO2 level must be reduced significantly below 350ppm."
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[New post] Stanford seminar series. "Ocean Acidification as the other CO2 problem: present and future impacts on marine ecosystems"

Stanford seminar series. "Ocean Acidification as the other CO2 problem: present and future impacts on marine ecosystems" Anne-Marin Nisumaa | 13 January 2011 at 10:18 | Categories: Meetings | URL: http://wp.me/p2Y1l-1u1

Event Type: Seminar
Event Date and Time: January 13, 2011 - 3:15pm - 4:45pm

Location
Y2E2 Building, Room 300
473 Via Ortega
Stanford

Sponsor: Stanford's chapter of The Coastal Society

Abstract: Panel to discuss ocean acidification, outlining main challenges in field studies, modeling studies, and future directions in ocean acidification research that would be most effective in influencing marine policy.
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[New post] Ph.D. Fellowship, “Effects of ocean acidification on calcification and incorporation of elements and isotopes in Mediterranean Pteropods and Foraminifers”

Ph.D. Fellowship, "Effects of ocean acidification on calcification and incorporation of elements and isotopes in Mediterranean Pteropods and Foraminifers" Anne-Marin Nisumaa | 13 January 2011 at 10:08 | Categories: Jobs | URL: http://wp.me/p2Y1l-1tV

A PhD fellowship to work on "Effects of ocean acidification on calcification and incorporation of elements and isotopes in Mediterranean Pteropods and Foraminifers" is available within the EU FP7 project "Mediterranean Sea Acidification in a changing climate" ("MedSea").

Ocean acidification affects not only the calcification potential of marine organisms but also the incorporation of (trace) element and isotope fractionation. Insights in the effects of ocean acidification on calcification are necessary to project possible consequences for aragonitic organisms such as pteropods and calcitic ones such as Foraminifers. They are key players in the food-webs and biogeochemical cycles. Furthermore, the elemental and isotopic composition of fossil shells are a valuable tool to reconstruct paleoclimates and investigating the impact of ocean acidification on shell geochemistry is invaluable for a better understanding of past ocean acidification events.

Responsibilities: The applicant will carry out laboratory-controlled experiments, manipulating the carbonate system as well as other environmental parameters, to investigate how ongoing ocean acidification is affecting the calcifying potential of Pteropods and Foraminifers and how ocean acidification interacts with other stressors. The following processes will be measured on live specimens: calcification, respiration, nutrition, excretion and life cycles. The effects on the carbonate polymorph and the ultra-structure will be investigated with Raman spectroscopy, SEM and AFM. Impacts on the elemental and isotope composition will be analysed using a laser ablation multi-collector ICP-MS.
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[New post] Tipping Point: a new documentary on ocean acidification (with video)

Tipping Point: a new documentary on ocean acidification (with video) Anne-Marin Nisumaa | 13 January 2011 at 09:59 | Categories: Media coverage | URL: http://wp.me/p2Y1l-1tS

Increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere are not only causing global warming. The oceans are also absorbing huge quantities of CO2 which in turn is changing their chemical composition, severely damaging the marine environment.

By following leading international researchers, "Tipping Point" takes us around the world and underwater to discover how ocean acidification is changing marine ecosystems and what scientific solutions can be found to solve the problem.
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